Developing Tranquility (Passaddhi-sambojjhanga)

Lord Buddha stated:

Monks, one must develop physical and mental tranquility through repeatedly practicing contemplations which are food for tranquility (Passaddhi-sambojjhanga), giving rise to tranquility which has not yet arisen and developing tranquility which has already arisen to become complete (Samyutta-nikāya, 19/369/97).

The commentary explains seven factors giving rise to or developing Tranquility (Passaddhi-sambojjhaïga) and eliminating Hindrances which dull the Wisdom Eye (Chakkhu) (Samyutta-nikāya Atthakatha, 231-232). These are as follows:

1. Having taken a good, enjoyable meal, Tranquility (Passaddhi-sambojjhanga) arises.
2. Experiencing a comfortable season which is enjoyable [e.g., peaceful or prosperous], whether winter or summer, Tranquility arises.
3. Assuming a comfortable posture [e.g., a solid stance], Tranquility arises.
4. Exerting moderate effort [e.g. to make good karma], Tranquility arises.
5. Avoiding disturbed persons [e.g. who might harm others], Tranquility  arises.
6. Associating with peaceful persons [e.g. physically calm with self-restrained hands and feet], Tranquility  arises.
7. Continually directing the mind to be calm in all postures [e.g., standing or sitting], Tranquility arises.

The Tranquility Factor of Enlightenment or Passaddhi-sambojjhanga arises due to these seven causes and is fully developed to perfection when one attains Arahant Mentality.